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Olaf II Haraldsson (995 – 29 July 1030), later known as St. Olaf, was King of Norway from 1015 to 1028. He was posthumously given the title Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae ((英語:Norway's Eternal King)) and canonised in Nidaros (Trondheim) by Bishop Grimkell, one year after his death in the Battle of Stiklestad on 29 July 1030. His remains were enshrined in Nidaros Cathedral, built over his burial site. Olaf's local canonisation was in 1164 confirmed by Pope Alexander III, making him a universally recognised saint of the Catholic Church. The exact position of Saint Olaf's grave in Nidaros has been unknown since 1568, due to the Lutheran iconoclasm in 1536–37. Saint Olaf is symbolised by the axe in Norway's coat of arms, and the Olsok (29 July) is still his day of celebration. The Order of St. Olav is named after him. Modern historians generally agree that Olaf inclined to violence and brutality, and they accuse earlier scholars of neglecting〔(– Olav den Hellige var en massemorder )〕 this side of Olaf's character. Especially during the period of Romantic Nationalism, Olaf was a symbol of national independence and pride, presented to suit contemporary attitudes. ==Name== Olaf II's Old Norse name is ''Ólafr Haraldsson''. During his lifetime he was known as Olaf 'the fat' or 'the stout' or simply as Olaf 'the big' (''Ólafr digri''; Modern Norwegian ''Olaf digre''). In Norway today, he is commonly referred to as ''Olav den hellige'' (Bokmål; Olaf the Holy) or ''Heilage-Olav'' (Nynorsk; the Holy Olaf) in honour of his sainthood. Olaf Haraldsson had the given name Óláfr in Old Norse. (Etymology: ''Anu'' – "forefather", ''Leifr'' – "heir".) Olav is the modern equivalent in Norwegian, formerly often spelt Olaf. His name in Icelandic is Ólafur, in Faroese Ólavur, in Danish Oluf, in Swedish Olof. Olave was the traditional spelling in England, preserved in the name of medieval churches dedicated to him. Other names, such as Oláfr hinn helgi, Olavus rex, and Olaf are used interchangeably (see the ''Heimskringla'' of Snorri Sturluson). He is sometimes referred to as ''Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae'' ((英語:Norway's Eternal King)), a designation which goes back to the thirteenth century. The term Ola Nordmann as epithet of the archetypal Norwegian may originate in this tradition, as Olav was for centuries was the most common male name in Norway. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Olaf II of Norway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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